Gingivitis vs Periodontitis: Stages of Gum Disease

The critical difference: one is reversible, the other is permanent

Gingivitis and periodontitis are both forms of gum disease, but they represent very different stages of severity. Understanding where you are on this spectrum determines whether the damage can be fully reversed or only managed.

Gingivitis: the early, reversible stage

Gingivitis means inflammation of the gums. It is caused by plaque bacteria irritating the gum tissue. At this stage, no permanent damage has occurred to the bone or supporting structures.

Signs:

Gums that bleed when brushing or flossing
Red, swollen, or puffy gums (healthy gums are pale pink and firm)
Bad breath
Gums that feel tender

Treatment: Professional cleaning (scale and polish) plus improved daily brushing and interdental cleaning. NHS Band 1: 26.80 pounds. With proper care, gingivitis resolves completely within 2-4 weeks.

Periodontitis: the advanced, irreversible stage

If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to periodontitis. The inflammation spreads deeper, destroying the bone and connective tissue that anchor your teeth. This damage is permanent — treatment can stop it progressing but cannot regrow lost bone.

Signs:

Receding gums — teeth look longer
Deep pockets between teeth and gums (measured by your dentist — 4mm+ is a concern)
Pus between teeth and gums
Loose teeth or teeth that have shifted position
Changes in your bite
Tooth loss

Treatment: Deep cleaning (root planing) under local anaesthetic. NHS Band 2: 73.50 pounds. Severe cases may need surgical treatment or referral to a periodontist.

How your dentist assesses gum health

At every check-up, your dentist or hygienist measures the pocket depth around each tooth using a small probe:

1-3mm: Healthy
4mm: Early periodontitis — treatment needed
5-6mm: Moderate periodontitis
7mm+: Severe periodontitis — specialist referral may be needed

Prevention is the same for both

Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
Clean between teeth daily
Do not smoke — the BDA identifies smoking as the biggest preventable risk factor
Attend regular check-ups

For the complete guide: Gum disease: prevention and treatment. At Parish Dental, call 0113 263 8509 or book online.

Frequently asked questions

Are you accepting new patients?

Yes. Parish Dental Practice in Armley, Leeds accepts new NHS and private patients. Call 0113 263 8509 or book online.

How much does NHS dental treatment cost?

Band 1 (check-ups): 26.80 pounds. Band 2 (fillings, extractions): 73.50 pounds. Band 3 (crowns, dentures): 319.10 pounds. Free for under 18s and qualifying patients.